What’s the Difference Between Prebiotics, Probiotics, and Postbiotics? How to Combine Them Most Effectively?

From Foundation to Full Protection: A One-Stop Guide to Prebiotics, Probiotics, and Postbiotics.
2025/09/18

The Probiotics Trio, each with their own unique strengths 

Many people take “probiotics” but feel the results are inconsistent. A key reason is confusion between prebiotics, probiotics, and postbiotics. Think of them as three brothers in one family:

  • Big Brother: Prebiotics → Feed beneficial gut bacteria and build a solid foundation.
  • ​Second Brother: Probiotics → Living warriors that enter the gut and engage directly.
  • Little Brother: Postbiotics → A flexible “skill pack” that works even without live bacteria.

They’re not substitutes—they’re complementary. With science-based combinations, you can amplify the value of gut-health strategies.

Prebiotics

 Prebiotics are the “food” for beneficial gut bacteria. They promote the growth of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus, metabolized short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and further optimize gut pH and mineral absorption.

Key Benefits

  • Feed good bacteria; improve microbiome balance
  • Increase SCFAs; strengthen the intestinal barrier
  • Support mineral absorption; maintain long-term stability
New Bellus Highlight Product: New Bellus PrebioMix

Probiotics

Probiotics are the living main players that can colonize and multiply in the gut, suppress harmful bacteria, and modulate immunity. They also interact with the gut–brain axis and gut–muscle axis to influence mood regulation, stress response, and exercise performance.  Probiotics are extremely sensitive to environmental conditions. To ensure efficacy, we use a specialized fermentation process (New bellus patented fermentation) together with a five-layer freeze-dried micro-encapsulation technology, safeguarding viable cells and delivering them safely to the GI tract.
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Key Benefits

  • Restore microbiome balance; modulate immune function
  • Interact with the gut–brain axis (mood and stress)
  • Interact with the gut–muscle axis (muscle synthesis, endurance, post-exercise recovery)
New Bellus Highlight Products:
New Bellus NB® 23 Clinically Patented Probiotics, New Bellus Functional Multi-Strain Probiotics Series, New Bellus Probio-BAC Multi-Strain Probiotics Series 

Postbiotics

Postbiotics are the “skill pack” of probiotics—covering metabolites (SCFAs, peptides, polysaccharides, antimicrobial peptides, etc.) and processed bacterial components (including heat-treated cells and cell-wall fragments). Postbiotics do not rely on live bacteria to act; they are highly stable and much more flexible for product applications.

Key Benefits

  • Anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating effects
  • Strengthen the gut barrier and support repair
  • Heat-/acid-stable and highly versatile in formulations
New Bellus Highlight Products:
  • Metabolite-based postbiotics: PostbioGABA ,PostbioACV , PostbioKom
  • Cell-based postbiotics: New Bellus NB® 23 Postbiotic

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One-Glance Comparison Table

Category DefinitionFeatures/FunctionStabilityApplication Advantages

Prebiotics 

Food for good bacteria (oligosaccharides/fibers)
Promote beneficial growth, boost SCFAs, optimize pH & absorption High  
Powders, capsules, nutrition bars; foundational support  
ProbioticsLive beneficial microbes Colonize/multiply in gut; modulate immunity; influence gut–brain & gut–muscle axes Medium (require protection/cold chain)

Powders, capsules, fermented drinks; rapid microbiome support  

Postbiotics

Probiotic metabolites and/or processed bacterial cells
 (※ includes heat-treated cells)
Anti-inflammatory, immune support, barrier repair; direct effects High
 (heat/acid-resistant)
Beverages, beauty drinks, bars; widest application range 

How to Combine Them Most Effectively?

Prebiotics + Probiotics 

Build the base and help live bacteria act more durably.


Postbiotics

  Probiotics + 

Live bacteria tune the environment; postbiotics deliver rapid support.

Prebiotics +

 Postbiotics


Useful even without emphasizing live bacterial survival; 
supports gut immunity.

All Three

Foundation × Colonization × Reinforcement
—the most comprehensive combo

Postbiotics: 

The Rising Blue Ocean

Historically, discussions about probiotics focused on CFU counts and survivability. In recent years, postbiotics have gained momentum as a favorite in functional food R&D because they bypass live-bacteria limitations.

1.  Sports Nutrition 
Based on New Bellus’ latest research [1], New Bellus NB® 23 Postbiotics enhance lactate clearance and muscular endurance; they accelerate ammonia and urea nitrogen removal, reduce post-exercise inflammation, and shorten recovery time. For athletes and fitness enthusiasts, this “immediate + stable” profile fills gaps left by live probiotics and traditional bacterial materials.

2.  Beauty & Wellness 
Postbiotics influence the gut–skin axis. Polysaccharides and lactic-acid derivatives can stimulate collagen synthesis and reduce skin inflammation—hence their wide use in beauty beverages and nutricosmetics. This “gut care × skin benefits” dual value makes postbiotics a key ingredient for women’s health and beauty markets

3.  Versatile Applications 
Their greatest advantage is formulation flexibility. Being heat-/acid-stable and not requiring a cold chain, postbiotics can be used in beverages, bars, capsules, infant formulas, and senior products—earning the reputation of a truly “all-rounder ingredient.”

4.  Market Outlook 
According to MarketsandMarkets [2], the global postbiotics market will grow from USD 146.7 million in 2025 to USD 224.8 million by 2030, at a CAGR of 8.9%.

👉Postbiotics are not merely an extension of probiotics—they are poised to become a core focus of the next health wave.

Small Things Creating Big Value

The three brothers—prebiotics, probiotics, and postbiotics—are complementary, not interchangeable. With the right goals and smart combinations, products can achieve greater stability, efficacy, and versatility.

As a leader in microbial fermentation, New Bellus upholds “Small Things Creating Big Value — Micro-Fermentation, Infinite Value.” We provide one-stop solutions—from New Bellus PrebioMix, to clinically patented multi-strain probiotic solutions, to New Bellus NB® 23 Probiotics and New Bellus NB® 23 Postbiotics—helping brands develop differentiated, forward-looking innovations.

FAQ

Q1: What’s the difference between prebiotics and probiotics?

A1: Prebiotics are “food” for good bacteria, helping them multiply and boosting SCFA production. Probiotics are live beneficial bacteria that must be consumed in sufficient amounts and remain viable to deliver benefits.

Q2: How are postbiotics different from probiotics?

A2: Probiotics need to be alive when they reach the gut. Postbiotics are probiotic-derived metabolites or processed bacterial cells (including heat-treated cells) that work without live bacteria, supporting immunity and barrier repair.

Q3: Which type is most suitable for foods and beverages?

A3: Postbiotics—because they’re heat/acid stable and require no cold chain—are ideal for drinks, beauty beverages, and bars. Prebiotics are also widely used in foods; probiotics require more rigorous protection.

Q4: Do you need all three together?

A4: Not necessarily. Choose based on your goals and formulation:

  •  Daily foundation → prebiotics or probiotics
  • Immediate support → add postbiotics
  • Comprehensive care → all three can be more complete, but not everyone needs the full combo
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Reference:
[1] Lee, M.-C.; Cheng, T.-Y.; Lin, P.-J.; Lin, T.-C.; Chou, C.-H.; Chen, C.-Y.; Huang, C.-C. Supplementation with Live and Heat-Treated Lacticaseibacillus paracasei NB23 Enhances Endurance and Attenuates Exercise-Induced Fatigue in Mice. Nutrients 2025, 17, 2568.
[2] MarketsandMarkets. Postbiotics Market—Global Forecast to 2030. https://www.marketsandmarkets.com/PressReleases/postbiotics.asp